Abstract

Diarrhoea, a common gastrointestinal disorder, presents a significant global health burden, particularly in developing regions. Characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools, diarrhoea often results from infections, dietary indiscretions, medications, or underlying medical conditions. This ailment affects individuals of all ages, with children under five years old and older adults being especially vulnerable to its severe consequences, including dehydration, malnutrition, and even death. The management of diarrhoea involves a multifaceted approach encompassing fluid replacement, nutritional therapy, and, in some cases, antimicrobial treatment. Prevention strategies, such as improved sanitation, access to clean water, vaccination, and health education, play crucial roles in reducing diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in healthcare, diarrhoea remains a persistent public health challenge, necessitating continued research, innovation, and collaborative efforts to alleviate its global impact. Diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by frequent bowel movements, loose or watery stools, and often accompanied by abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, and vomiting. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries where access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare services is limited. Diarrhea can be caused by various factors including infections, dietary factors, medications, and underlying medical conditions. Despite advancements in medical science and public health interventions, diarrhea remains a significant global health concern, especially among children under five years of age. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of diarrhea, including its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.