Abstract

The presence of tumor DNA in the bloodstream, known as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has emerged as a groundbreaking tool in breast cancer research and management. This article explores the current and future applications of ctDNA in breast cancer, emphasizing its potential for early detection, treatment monitoring, prognosis prediction, and personalized therapy. Traditional diagnostic methods for breast cancer face limitations, prompting the need for innovative techniques. ctDNA analysis offers a minimally invasive approach to detecting genetic mutations associated with breast cancer, enabling early intervention and improved survival rates. Moreover, ctDNA analysis aids in tracking treatment response in real-time, offering insights into therapy effectiveness and potential resistance mechanisms. By quantifying ctDNA levels and identifying specific mutations, clinicians can predict disease progression and adapt treatment strategies accordingly. Looking ahead, ctDNA holds promise for monitoring minimal residual disease, personalizing treatment plans, guiding therapeutic development, and enhancing liquid biopsy panels to encompass a comprehensive genetic profile. However, challenges related to sensitivity, specificity, standardization, and ethical considerations must be addressed for its widespread clinical adoption. In conclusion, the utilization of ctDNA in breast cancer management represents a transformative advancement with the potential to reshape the landscape of diagnosis and treatment.