Abstract

The cell cycle is a fundamental process that governs the growth, replication, and division of cells. It consists of interphase, where the cell prepares for division, and mitosis, where the cell actually divides into two daughter cells. Interphase comprises G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase, during which the cell undergoes growth, DNA replication, and synthesis of necessary components for division. Mitosis involves the precise separation and distribution of genetic material, followed by cytokinesis, which physically separates the two daughter cells. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by a network of proteins and checkpoints, ensuring accurate progression and preventing errors. Dysregulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. Understanding the mechanisms and significance of the cell cycle has broad implications in fields such as developmental biology, cancer research, and regenerative medicine. Further research in this area promises to yield insights that will advance our knowledge of life and contribute to the development of targeted therapies for various diseases.