Abstract

We have always lived in a VUCA world. That is to say that our world is characterised by vulnerability, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. Our planet manifests this all too often in myriad ways, nowhere better exemplified than in the ocean and environmental system. The on-going global episode of Covid 19 is but a small facet of how our world can be adversely affected by the tipping of some of these systems. More recently, even a relatively minor incident, in the minute part of the ocean, as exemplified by the Ever Given getting stuck in the Suez, can be seen as a case in point as to how easily the world economy can be affected and how VUCA the ocean is.

Keywords: Economics; Subsidiary; Benefits; Ocean; Sustainability; Antarctic and Arctic