Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been more and more utilized in varied fields of drugs, like in auxiliary identification and treatment, medical teaching, and regenerative medication. Most operations performed by neurosurgeons and associated pathological examinations involve complicated, microscopic anatomical structures that can't be determined outside. 3D-printed models will reproduce anatomical structures, pathological tissues, and cells with high accuracy, enhancing our understanding of complicated aspects of anatomy and pathology. They will conjointly assist in operative designing and simulation, facilitate in surgical or interventional surgery preciseness medication, and improve the effectiveness of treatments. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses its current application progress and issues, together with treatments for common diseases (e.g., intracranial tumors, intracranial injury, intracranial aneurysms, bone repair, and neural prosthetics), clinical coaching, and operative plans. With its widespread applications, 3D printing as associate innovative tool can offer new directions for developing imaging, strategies, and interventions in neurosurgical diseases.