Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in immune regulation, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. Elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with various chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiological role of IL-6, its diagnostic utility, and its therapeutic implications. IL-6’s involvement in key signaling pathways and its impact on disease mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the review highlights the use of IL-6 as a biomarker for disease activity and severity, and the potential of IL-6 inhibitors in improving clinical outcomes. Understanding IL-6’s multifaceted role enhances our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat chronic inflammatory diseases effectively.