Abstract

Abstract Genetic engineering has witnessed transformative advancements, significantly impacting various scientific and medical fields. This article explores innovative approaches in genetic engineering, focusing on key technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, Zinc Finger Nucleases, RNA interference (RNAi), gene drives, and synthetic biology. CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized gene editing with its precision and efficiency, leading to advancements like base and prime editing. TALENs and Zinc Finger Nucleases continue to offer precision tools for gene modification. RNAi provides a method for gene silencing with significant therapeutic potential. Gene drives offer a way to spread genetic modifications through populations, with applications in disease vector control and conservation. Synthetic biology enables the design of new biological systems and organisms with novel functions. These advancements are driving innovations in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, paving the way for new treatments, enhanced crop traits, and sustainable biomanufacturing processes