Abstract

Large-scale organic synthesis plays a pivotal role in modern industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials science. This abstract explores the innovations, challenges, and future perspectives in this dynamic field. Innovations in large-scale organic synthesis have been driven by advances in reaction methodologies, catalysis, and process engineering. Transition metal-catalysed reactions, biocatalysts, and flow chemistry have emerged as powerful tools for streamlining synthetic routes and improving efficiency. Furthermore, the integration of automation and computational tools has facilitated the design and optimization of large-scale processes with increased precision and speed. However, alongside these innovations, several challenges persist. Selectivity, scalability, and sustainability remain key concerns in large-scale synthesis. Achieving high selectivity and yield while minimizing waste and energy consumption continues to pose significant challenges. Additionally, the synthesis of complex molecules often requires multiple steps, leading to increased cost and resource utilization. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach involving chemistry, engineering, and environmental science.