Abstract

Pain management represents a critical aspect of healthcare, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review explores the multifaceted nature of pain, delving into its physiological and psychological dimensions. It provides an extensive examination of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including emerging therapies such as neuromodulation and regenerative medicine. Additionally, it addresses the challenges facing pain management, including opioid misuse and access to care disparities, and discusses future directions, including the integration of digital health technologies. By synthesizing recent advancements and ongoing challenges, this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of pain management and guide future research and clinical practice.