Abstract

Histoplasmosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is a systemic mycosis with protean manifestations. While primarily a pulmonary infection, histoplasmosis can disseminate to various organs, including the head and neck region. This review aims to elucidate the diverse clinical presentations of histoplasmosis in the head and neck, emphasizing its diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations. Through a comprehensive literature review, we highlight the importance of considering histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of head and neck lesions, particularly in endemic regions. Additionally, we discuss the role of various diagnostic modalities, including histopathology, culture, serology, and molecular techniques, in achieving accurate and timely diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize current treatment options, including antifungal agents and surgical intervention, and underscore the significance of multidisciplinary management in optimizing patient outcomes.