Abstract

Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique in molecular biology for separating and analyzing nucleic acids and proteins based on their size and charge. This abstract provides a concise overview of gel electrophoresis, including its principles, applications, and significance in scientific research. Gel electrophoresis relies on the movement of charged molecules through a gel matrix under an electric field, allowing for their separation. Agarose gel electrophoresis is commonly used for DNA fragment analysis, while polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is preferred for protein separation. Gel electrophoresis finds applications in DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, gene expression analysis, protein characterization, and nucleic acid and protein purification. It is a fundamental technique that continues to play a vital role in advancing our understanding of biological molecules and their functions.