Abstract

Biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, are essential to all forms of life, serving as the building blocks and functional components of cells. This review explores the diverse roles of these biomolecules in cellular processes and their implications in health and disease. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, encode and translate genetic information crucial for protein synthesis. Proteins, with their varied structures and functions, are central to enzymatic activity, structural support, and cellular signaling. Carbohydrates provide energy and play key roles in cell recognition and communication, while lipids are vital for energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling. Understanding these biomolecules' functions enhances our knowledge of cellular mechanisms and highlights their significance in pathological conditions. This overview aims to underscore the interconnectedness of biomolecules in maintaining cellular homeostasis and their potential as targets for therapeutic interventions.