Abstract

Hormonal modulation has emerged as a promising approach in the prevention of hormone-dependent cancers, particularly breast and prostate cancer. This review critically evaluates the impact of hormonal prevention strategies, including the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors, and androgen deprivation therapies, on cancer incidence and outcomes. By analyzing data from clinical trials and epidemiological studies, this study explores the efficacy of these interventions in reducing cancer risk among high-risk populations. Additionally, the review delves into the biological mechanisms underlying hormonal modulation, addressing the complex interactions between hormones and cancer pathways. Potential side effects and the long-term safety of hormonal prevention are discussed, alongside considerations for personalized prevention strategies based on genetic and environmental factors. The findings underscore the importance of hormonal modulation in cancer prevention and highlight areas for further research to optimize its efficacy and minimize associated risks. This comprehensive evaluation aims to guide future clinical practices and inform the development of more effective cancer prevention protocols.