Abstract

Cytokines, the signaling molecules of the immune system, play crucial roles in orchestrating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Their dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, leading researchers to explore cytokine-based therapies as promising avenues for treatment. This article examines the current landscape of emerging cytokine-based therapies, discusses challenges in their development and clinical application, and explores future directions to maximize their therapeutic potential. Cytokines, crucial mediators of immune responses and inflammation, have become central targets for therapeutic interventions in various diseases. This abstract explores the landscape of emerging cytokine-based therapies, highlighting current challenges and future directions to optimize their clinical efficacy. Recent advancements in cytokine-based therapies encompass a spectrum of approaches, including supplementation, receptor modulation, and engineered cytokines. These strategies aim to either enhance deficient cytokine functions or attenuate excessive cytokine signaling implicated in diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Despite promising therapeutic potentials, cytokine-based therapies face challenges including the complexity of cytokine networks, potential adverse effects, treatment resistance, and economic considerations. Strategies to mitigate these challenges involve precision medicine approaches, biomarker-guided therapies, and rational combination strategies with other biologics or small molecules