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Research Article

Effects of Prenatal Fish Oil and Folic Acid Supplementation on Infant Psychomotor and Mental Development: Results from NUHEAL Randomized Controlled Trial

Cristina Campoy1*, Signe Altmäe1, Rosa Ramos2, Francisco Cruz3, Miguel Perez3, Maria T Salvatierra1, Concepcion Robles1, Milagros Cruz4,Maria T Miranda5, Angel Gil6, Tamas Decsi7 and Berthold V Koletzko8
1Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine University of Granada, Granada, Spain
2CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain, Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital, Granada, Spain
3Department of Clinical Psychology, Evaluation and Personality, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
4Obstetric and Gynaecology Service of the Granada’s Clinical San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada
5Department of Biostatistics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
7Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
8Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Corresponding Author : Cristina Campoy
Department of Paediatrics
School of Medicine
University of Granada
Avda. de Madrid, 11, 18012-Granada, Spain
Tel: +34 629308695
E-mail: ccampoy@ugr.es
Received September 05, 2014; Accepted January 13, 2015; Published January 15, 2015
Citation: Campoy C, Altmäe S, Ramos R, Cruz F, Perez M, et al. (2015) Effects of Prenatal Fish Oil and Folic Acid Supplementation on Infant Psychomotor and Mental Development: Results from NUHEAL Randomized Controlled Trial. J Preg Child Health 2:131. doi: 10.4172/2376-127X.1000131
Copyright: © 2015 Campoy C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Background: Prenatal supply of folic and fatty acids is related to infant’s neurodevelopment; however, the potential beneficial effects on child’s neurologic outcomes remain controversial.

Methods: We analysed 154 Spanish pregnant women in 4 randomized groups of supplementation with fish oil (FO), folic acid (5-MTHF), both, or placebo, and assessed their infant’s mental and psychomotor development at 6 and 20 months of life with Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID).

Results: No significant differences in BSID outcomes between the groups were detected. FO+5-MTHF supplementation influenced positively blood phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and folate levels during pregnancy, at delivery, and in neonates. No effect of FO and/or 5-MTHF supplementation on breast milk PUFA levels was detected. Further, higher maternal DHA and lower n6/n3 ratio at delivery associated positively with offspring’s PDI scores at 20 months. While infants with higher blood folate levels correlated with higher MDI scores at 20 months.

Conclusions: Findings of the current study show no clear effect of FO and folic acid supplementation on child’s neurodevelopment, regardless of the positive effect of supplementation on blood PUFAs and folate levels. However, prenatal PUFAs, especially DHA, and higher folate levels in newborns could have a positive effect on child’s neurodevelopment.

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