Abstract

Defoliation, resulting from a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors such as insect outbreaks, climate change-induced droughts, and extreme weather events, emerges as a formidable challenge to forest ecosystems globally. This review undertakes a comprehensive analysis of available literature to elucidate the intricate ecological ramifications of defoliation on forest ecosystems. By synthesizing diverse studies, we aim to dissect the multifaceted impacts of defoliation on forest structure, composition, and functioning. Understanding these effects is paramount as they encompass disruptions in biodiversity, alterations in nutrient cycling dynamics, and compromises in ecosystem resilience. Through a synthesis of existing research, this review endeavors to shed light on the complexities of defoliation-induced disturbances, providing insights crucial for effective forest management, conservation strategies, and the development of proactive measures to mitigate the adverse ecological consequences of defoliation events.