ISSN: 2469-9764

Industrial Chemistry
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  • Research Article   
  • Ind Chem 2018,
  • DOI: 10.4172/2469-9764.1000129

Development of Solid Acid Catalyst from Biomass Obtained from Cake of Vitellaria paradoxa and Its Application in Biodiesel Production Via a TwoStep Reaction System

Dawodu FA1, Ayodele OO2*, Olatunde OC1, Ibraheem AA1, Adekunle AE3 and Omidiran MO2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
2Department of Forest Products Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
3Biotechnology Section, Department of Biosciences, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author : Ayodele OO, Department of Forest Products Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tel: +2348033535437, Email: bayodele2002@gmail.com

Received Date: Nov 19, 2018 / Accepted Date: Jan 01, 2019 / Published Date: Jan 05, 2019

Abstract

An integrated approach is needed to make biodiesel production cost-effective and a suitable choice of fuel. This study was therefore designed to utilize the seed cake of Vitellaria paradoxa obtained during oil extraction stage for the synthesis of a solid acid catalyst capable of hydrolysis and/or esterification reaction. The seed cake was pyrolyzed in an inert tube furnace at 420°C for 5 h, and then sulfonated in fuming sulphuric acid (15 wt.%) at 150°C for 10 h to obtain a biomass-derived catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and total acid density. The hydrolytic activity of the catalyst was performed using vegetable oil obtained from V. paradoxa biomass and the reaction was optimized using a randomized central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The optimization results showed that catalyst derived from seed cake of V. paradoxa was active in hydrolysis reaction and a conversion of 34.3% was obtained and it was also observed that reaction time and weight of catalyst have significant effect on the reaction. When the catalyst was further employed for esterification of free fatty acids in V. paradoxa oil, higher conversion (70%) was achieved at a prescribed reaction condition. The approach of utilizing the waste generated during oil extraction from plants could make the process much greener when viewed from the context of resource efficiency and has the potential to kick start the commercialization of biodiesel production especially in developing countries.

Keywords: Vitellaria paradoxa; Solid acid catalyst; Hydrolysis; Esterification; Biodiesel; Optimization

Citation: Dawodu FA, Ayodele OO, Olatunde OC, Ibraheem AA, Adekunle AE, et al. (2019) Development of Solid Acid Catalyst from Biomass Obtained from Cake of Vitellaria paradoxa and Its Application in Biodiesel Production Via a Two-Step Reaction System. Ind Chem 4:129. Doi: 10.4172/2469-9764.1000129

Copyright: © 2019 Dawodu FA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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