Abstract

Cytokines are critical mediators of the immune response, influencing cellular processes through the regulation of gene expression and epigenetic modifications. This article explores the mechanisms by which cytokines induce changes in gene expression via pathways such as JAK-STAT and MAPK, and how these changes contribute to disease progression and therapy. Additionally, it delves into cytokine-induced epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the regulation of non-coding RNAs. These molecular alterations have significant implications for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and chronic inflammatory conditions. Understanding these mechanisms provides valuable insights into developing targeted therapies, such as JAK inhibitors, cytokine antagonists, and epigenetic drugs, which offer promising therapeutic avenues for managing these complex diseases