Abstract

Cytokine storms represent a critical immunopathological phenomenon observed in severe viral infections, characterized by an excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This dysregulated immune response can lead to widespread tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and poor clinical outcomes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms driving cytokine storms is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions and improving patient management strategies in infectious diseases. This review examines the intricate pathways involved in cytokine storm development, clinical implications, current therapeutic approaches, and future research directions aimed at mitigating their detrimental effects.