Abstract

Neuroinflammation, driven by cytokine dysregulation in the central nervous system (CNS), contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play crucial roles in promoting inflammation, neuronal damage, and disease progression. This review explores the involvement of cytokines in neuroinflammation across different neurological conditions and discusses potential therapeutic strategies aimed at cytokine modulation. Approaches such as anticytokine therapies, cytokine receptor blockade, small molecule inhibitors, and immunomodulatory therapies are examined for their potential to mitigate neuroinflammatory responses and preserve neuronal integrity. Challenges and future directions in cytokine-targeted therapies for neurological disorders are also discussed