Our Group organises 3000+ Global Conferenceseries Events every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific Societies and Publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.

Open Access Journals gaining more Readers and Citations
700 Journals and 15,000,000 Readers Each Journal is getting 25,000+ Readers

This Readership is 10 times more when compared to other Subscription Journals (Source: Google Analytics)

Special Issue Article

Characterization of Fe2O3/FeOOH Catalyzed Solvolytic Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Products

Sarani Zakaria1*, Tze Khong Liew1, Chin Hua Chia1, Fei Ling Pua1, Fan Suet Pin1, Rasidi Roslan1, Umar Adli Amran1, Antje Potthast2, Thomas Rosenau2 and Falk Liebner2
1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, (BOKU) A-1190, Vienna, Austria
Corresponding Author : Sarani Zakaria
School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Tel: +60 3 8921 3261
Fax: +60 3 8921 3777
E-mail: sarani@ukm.my
Received: April 09, 2013; Accepted: June 12, 2013; Published: June 14, 2013
Citation: Zakaria S, Liew TK, Chia CH, Pua FL, Pin FS, et al. (2013) Characterization of Fe2O3/FeOOH Catalyzed Solvolytic Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Products. J Bioremed Biodeg S4:001. doi:10.4172/2155-6199.S4-001
Copyright: © 2013 Zakaria S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Related article at
DownloadPubmed DownloadScholar Google

Abstract

The addition of Fe2O3/FeOOH nanoparticles as a catalyst in solvolytic liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) could be cheaper and efficient alternative for biomass industry in Malaysia. Fe2O3/FeOOH can be found naturally in limonite ores and it is cheap, but work efficiently in catalyzing liquefaction. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects on the combination of Fe2O3/FeOOH, as the catalyst in solvolytic liquefaction of EFB. Solvolytic liquefaction of EFB fiber, with and without Fe2O3/FeOOH, was carried out in the nitrogen gas atmosphere using an autoclave. This liquefaction mainly yielded solvolytic oil, n-hexane insoluble preasphaltene and asphaltene phase (PA+A), and solid residue. The presence of catalyst has significantly increased the liquefaction yield and solvolytic oil fraction. Chemical elemental analysis has showed that the products with lower oxygen content are obtained when Fe2O3/FeOOH is used. FT-IR spectroscopy proved that the conversion of the higher molecular compound to the lower molecular compounds with larger number of functional groups has occurred. The analytical Pyrolysis-GCMS revealed the existence of lower molecular weight alcohols, ketones, phenolic and aromatic compounds.

Keywords

Google Scholar citation report
Citations : 7718

Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation received 7718 citations as per Google Scholar report

Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation peer review process verified at publons
Indexed In
  • CAS Source Index (CASSI)
  • Index Copernicus
  • Google Scholar
  • Sherpa Romeo
  • Open J Gate
  • Genamics JournalSeek
  • Academic Keys
  • JournalTOCs
  • ResearchBible
  • China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)
  • Ulrich's Periodicals Directory
  • Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA)
  • RefSeek
  • Hamdard University
  • EBSCO A-Z
  • OCLC- WorldCat
  • SWB online catalog
  • Publons
  • Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
  • MIAR
  • ICMJE
Share This Page
Top