Abstract

Osteogenesis, the process of bone formation, is a complex biological phenomenon crucial for skeletal development, repair, and regeneration. Biomaterials play a pivotal role in modulating osteogenesis by providing structural support, delivering bioactive molecules, and guiding cellular responses within the bone microenvironment. Biomaterials engineered for osteogenesis exhibit tailored properties to mimic the native extracellular matrix of bone tissue, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Various biomaterials, such as ceramics, polymers, composites, and hydrogels, have been explored for their ability to promote osteogenic differentiation, matrix mineralization, and new bone formation. This abstract provides an overview of the current state of research on biomaterials for osteogenesis, focusing on their design principles, applications, and translational potential.