Abstract

Natural pest control offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides in agriculture. This approach leverages ecological processes and biodiversity to manage pests, reducing the environmental, health, and economic costs associated with synthetic chemicals. Key methods include biological control using predators, parasitoids, and pathogens; cultural practices such as crop rotation and companion planting; mechanical and physical barriers; and the use of botanical pesticides. Natural pest control enhances environmental health by preserving soil and water quality and promotes human health by minimizing pesticide residues. Economically, it lowers production costs and supports the long-term sustainability of farming systems. Despite challenges such as the need for specialized knowledge and labor, natural pest control holds significant promise for creating resilient and productive agricultural ecosystems.