Abstract

Biofabrication techniques integrate principles from biology, materials science, and engineering to engineer complex tissues for regenerative medicine. This article explores key biofabrication methods such as 3D bioprinting, electrospinning, microfluidics, decellularization and recellularization, and scaffold-free approaches. Applications in organ transplantation, tissue repair, drug testing, and disease modeling are discussed, highlighting their potential to revolutionize healthcare. Challenges in vascularization, scalability, and long-term functionality are also addressed, alongside future directions for enhancing biomaterial properties and advancing precision medicine.