Abstract

Airborne and waterborne diseases pose significant threats to public health globally, particularly in regions with inadequate sanitation and healthcare infrastructure. Airborne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted through the air, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, while waterborne diseases are contracted through contaminated water sources, often due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or chemical pollutants. This abstract provides an overview of common airborne and waterborne diseases, their causative agents, transmission routes, symptoms, preventive measures, and treatment options. Key strategies for mitigating the spread of these diseases include improving sanitation practices, ensuring access to clean water, implementing vaccination programs, promoting hygiene education, and enhancing surveillance and monitoring systems. Addressing airborne and waterborne diseases requires a multi-faceted approach involving collaboration between governments, healthcare organizations, non-governmental organizations, and communities to effectively prevent, control, and manage these infectious threats.