Abstract

Oral and oropharyngeal cancers pose a significant public health challenge with rising incidence rates globally. This review summarizes recent advancements in understanding the etiology, prevention, and treatment of these cancers. Key findings highlight the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal cancers, with HPV-positive cases often presenting better prognoses. Tobacco and alcohol use remain substantial risk factors. Effective prevention strategies, including HPV vaccination and early detection through advanced screening techniques, are crucial in reducing cancer incidence and improving outcomes. Treatment advancements, particularly in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are offering new hope for patients. Ongoing research is essential to overcome current challenges, including treatment resistance and disparities in care, and to continue improving patient survival and quality of life.