Abstract

Zero-grazing livestock systems have emerged as a sustainable solution for improving land-use efficiency while maintaining high productivity in the face of increasing land scarcity. By confining animals and providing them with controlled feed sources, zero-grazing reduces overgrazing, soil degradation, and deforestation associated with extensive grazing systems. Additionally, these systems optimize resource utilization by integrating feed production, manure management, and precision feeding strategies to enhance productivity and environmental sustainability. Despite challenges such as high initial investment costs and intensive management requirements, zero-grazing offers significant benefits in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, improving feed efficiency, and ensuring food security. This review explores the role of zero-grazing livestock systems in sustainable agriculture, examining their impact on land-use efficiency, environmental conservation, and economic feasibility.