Abstract

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that poses a significant public health risk in many parts of the world. This review provides a comprehensive overview of WNV, focusing on its symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies. The majority of WNV infections are asymptomatic, but a subset of cases can progress to severe neuroinvasive disease, including West Nile encephalitis and meningitis, characterized by symptoms such as high fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests, including serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Currently, there are no specific antiviral treatments for WNV infection; management is supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and providing supportive care for severe cases. Preventive measures are crucial for controlling WNV transmission and include mosquito control strategies, such as eliminating standing water and using insect repellent, as well as public health education on avoiding mosquito bites. The review also discusses the role of surveillance in monitoring WNV activity and guiding prevention efforts. Understanding these aspects of West Nile Virus is essential for developing effective public health interventions and reducing the impact of this disease.