Abstract

Domestic sewage and industrial effluents are still major sources of water pollution in many parts of the world. Domestic sewage is generated by households and includes wastewater from toilets, sinks, and showers, while industrial effluents are generated by industries and can contain a variety of pollutants depending on the type of industry. In present days, there are various treatment methods available for the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial effluents, which include physical, chemical, and biological methods. These methods are designed to remove pollutants and contaminants from the wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. However, despite the availability of treatment methods, many areas of the world still lack proper infrastructure and resources to effectively treat domestic sewage and industrial effluents. This results in the discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater into rivers, lakes, and oceans, leading to water pollution and health hazards for humans and aquatic life.