Variations of Sex Hormones across the Menstrual Cycle: Correlations to Depressive Symptoms, Hostility, Lipidemic and Haemostatic Factors
Received Date: Oct 01, 2018 / Accepted Date: Oct 03, 2018 / Published Date: Oct 15, 2018
Abstract
Background: Exogenous sex hormones affect lipid metabolism and haemostasis, as well as psychological aspects of the personality but the information on the interrelationships regarding the endogenous hormones is limited.
Objective: In the present study we examined the association between sex hormones, lipidemic profile, haemostatic activity, and symptoms of hostility and depression at 3 phases of the menstrual cycle in 59 healthy young women (22.95 ± 2.83 mean age ± SD).
Methods: Blood was drawn at follicular (FL), mid luteal (ML) and late luteal (LL) phase. At each visit, students completed the Zung Depression Scale and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility, and following variables were measured: a) Estradiol (E2), Testosterone (T), Free Testosterone (FT), Δ4–Androstenedione (Δ4 -A), b) Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides c) PT and APTT, AT III, Proteins C and S, Plasminogen and Fibrinogen. Pearson´s and Spearmans rank correlation were used to determine the relation between variables. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Aspects of hostility were mostly positively correlated with androgens especially in FL and ML phase. Ratio T/E2 positively correlated with depression scores and the direction of hostility, in the ML and LL phase, respectively. FT positively correlated with triglycerides across the cycle while the ratios T/E2, FT/E2 and Δ4A/E2 appear to influence fibrinogen and protein C levels but not premenstrually. E2 levels do not seem to essentially modulate lipid levels and haemostatic factors across the menstrual cycle.
Conclusion: The relations between sex hormones and the tested psychological and biological factors in the young female population generally appear to differ markedly across the cycle, while the effect of endogenous hormones on these factors may be different comparatively to exogenous ones. Therefore, in order to evaluate them, the menstrual cycle effect should be taken into consideration.
Keywords: Sex hormones; Menstrual cycle; Depressive symptoms; Hostility; Lipids; Hemostasis
Citation: Syros I, Liapi C, Kolaitis G, Gourna C, Papageorgiou C, et al. (2018) Variations of Sex Hormones across the Menstrual Cycle: Correlations to Depressive Symptoms, Hostility, Lipidemic and Haemostatic Factors. J Neuroendocrinol Res 1: 101.
Copyright: © 2018 Syros I, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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