Abstract

Geothermal energy, a renewable and sustainable resource, offers a promising solution to meet the growing global demand for clean and reliable energy. This paper explores the various aspects of geothermal energy, including its origins, extraction methods, environmental benefits, and potential for widespread adoption. Geothermal energy originates from the Earth's internal heat, which is continuously generated by radioactive decay and residual heat from the planet's formation. This energy can be harnessed through different techniques, such as hydrothermal systems, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), and geothermal heat pumps. The utilization of geothermal energy presents numerous environmental benefits, including minimal greenhouse gas emissions, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigation of air pollution. Moreover, geothermal power plants have a small physical footprint compared to traditional energy facilities, making them suitable for both urban and remote locations. Despite these advantages, challenges such as high initial investment costs, resource location constraints, and technological limitations remain significant barriers to widespread adoption.