Abstract

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) represents a cornerstone of mucosal immunity, playing pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis, defending against pathogens, and shaping microbial communities at mucosal surfaces. This review explores the multifaceted functions of IgA in mucosal immunity, encompassing its production, regulation, transport mechanisms, and interactions with commensal microbes and pathogens. We examine recent advances in understanding IgA-mediated immune responses and their implications for health and disease. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of manipulating IgA responses is discussed, highlighting emerging strategies for harnessing IgA in vaccines, microbiome modulation, and therapeutic interventions.