Abstract

Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive visuospatial and perceptual deficits, with a prominent involvement of the posterior regions of the brain, particularly the parietal and occipital lobes. Unlike typical Alzheimer’s disease, which primarily affects memory, PCA primarily manifests as a syndrome of visual dysfunction. This atypical presentation often leads to diagnostic challenges, as individuals with PCA may initially be misdiagnosed with other neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging features of PCA, shedding light on its distinct characteristics and challenges in accurate diagnosis. Additionally, the underlying neuropathological changes, potential biomarkers, and genetic factors associated with PCA are discussed. As PCA has significant implications for patient care, early recognition and understanding of its unique clinical profile are crucial for appropriate management and support. The review also explores emerging research avenues, including novel therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals affected by PCA. Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) is a rare and distinct clinical syndrome characterized by progressive neurodegeneration primarily affecting the posterior regions of the brain, particularly the occipital and parietal lobes. Unlike more common forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, PCA manifests with atypical symptoms, including prominent visual disturbances and visuospatial deficits, rather than the typical memory impairment seen in Alzheimer’s disease. This neurodegenerative disorder poses unique challenges in terms of early diagnosis, understanding its underlying pathophysiology, and developing effective treatment strategies. This review explores the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathological features of PCA, shedding light on the current state of knowledge, diagnostic criteria, and potential avenues for further research. Additionally, we discuss the impact of PCA on patients’ daily lives and the implications for caregivers, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and specialized care for individuals affected by this complex syndrome.