Abstract

Vaginal oncology refers to the study and management of cancerous conditions affecting the vagina, a crucial aspect of gynecological oncology. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities associated with vaginal cancers. The document delves into the various histological types, risk factors, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions, including surgery, radiation therapy, and emerging targeted therapies. Special attention is given to the challenges in early detection, the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and the role of precision medicine in the personalized treatment of vaginal malignancies. Additionally, the psychosocial aspects and quality of life considerations for patients undergoing treatment are discussed, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. The document concludes by highlighting ongoing research efforts and potential future directions in the field of vaginal oncology. Vaginal oncology, a subset of gynecologic oncology, focuses on the study and management of malignancies affecting the vagina. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate landscape of vaginal cancers, encompassing their epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and emerging trends in research and clinical practice. Vaginal cancers are relatively rare compared to other gynecologic malignancies, presenting unique challenges in terms of early detection and optimal therapeutic interventions. As our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of these cancers deepens, novel targeted therapies and personalized treatment approaches are emerging, offering new hope for improved outcomes.