Abstract

Typhoid fever, caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, remains a significant global health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. This infectious disease is characterized by fever, headache, abdominal pain, and a rash, and if left untreated, can lead to serious complications such as intestinal perforation and systemic infection. Effective management relies on prompt diagnosis through blood culture or other molecular techniques and appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge to treatment strategies. Prevention efforts emphasize improvements in sanitation, vaccination campaigns, and public health education. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for typhoid fever. Typhoid fever, caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, remains a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for typhoid fever. Despite advancements in medical care and sanitation practices, typhoid fever continues to pose challenges due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and the lack of widely available vaccines. Understanding the dynamics of typhoid transmission, as well as implementing comprehensive public health interventions, including vaccination campaigns and improvements in sanitation infrastructure, is crucial in reducing the burden of this disease globally.