Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a critical etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer, accounting for the majority of cases globally. High-risk HPV types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, drive the transformation of normal cervical epithelial cells into precancerous lesions and invasive cancer through the disruption of key regulatory pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HPV oncogenesis has revolutionized cervical cancer prevention, screening, and diagnosis. This article explores the role of HPV in cervical cancer progression and its diagnostic implications, highlighting advancements in molecular testing and their contribution to improving patient outcomes.