Abstract

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ) represent a multifaceted array of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint, encompassing a spectrum of symptoms including pain, dysfunction, and limited range of motion. These disorders pose a significant challenge in both diagnosis and management due to their heterogeneous nature and overlapping symptoms with various other orofacial conditions. Understanding the etiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors associated with TMJ disorders is paramount for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TMJ disorders, encompassing their epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies. Furthermore, it discusses the various conservative and surgical interventions available, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists, oral surgeons, physical therapists, and other healthcare professionals in the holistic management of patients with TMJ disorders. Additionally, emerging trends in research and advancements in treatment modalities are explored, shedding light on potential future directions in the field of temporomandibular joint disorders. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ) encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint, its associated musculature, and surrounding structures. These disorders are multifactorial in nature, often involving a complex interplay of biomechanical, psychosocial, and systemic factors. TMJ disorders present with a variety of symptoms, including pain, restricted mandibular movement, clicking or popping noises, and joint dysfunction, leading to significant impairment in quality of life for affected individuals.