Abstract

Stress during pregnancy is a common concern, with implications for both maternal and fetal health. Understanding the causes, effects, and management of stress in pregnancy is crucial for optimizing outcomes for both mother and child. Pregnancy-related stress can arise from a variety of factors, including physical changes, emotional challenges, and external stressors such as financial concerns or relationship difficulties. Chronic stress, in particular, can have significant effects on pregnancy, increasing the risk for complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Additionally, stress during pregnancy has been associated with long-term health consequences for both the mother and the developing child, potentially influencing neurological, immune, and cardiovascular development. Effective management of stress is critical and involves a combination of psychological interventions, lifestyle modifications, and, when necessary, medical treatment. Approaches like mindfulness, relaxation techniques, and social support play key roles in reducing stress levels and promoting a healthier pregnancy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the causes, effects, and management strategies for stress during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for early identification and intervention to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health outcomes.