Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and multifaceted disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular failure and significant morbidity and mortality. The condition is classified into five distinct groups based on its etiology, with varying underlying mechanisms, clinical presentations, and therapeutic approaches. This article provides a comprehensive overview of pulmonary hypertension, including its pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and current treatment strategies. Advances in molecular research, novel therapeutic targets, and the role of personalized medicine are also discussed, emphasizing the need for continued research to improve patient outcomes.