Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by the scarring and thickening of lung tissue, resulting in impaired respiratory function and significant morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive review explores the multifactorial pathogenesis, heterogeneous clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and management strategies associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Key aspects covered include the role of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and dysregulated immune responses in disease development. Diagnostic approaches encompass clinical evaluation, radiological imaging, pulmonary function tests, and histopathological examination, with high-resolution computed tomography serving as a cornerstone in disease assessment. Management strategies focus on symptom palliation, disease modification, and, in select cases, lung transplantation. Emerging research directions, including precision medicine and stem cell therapy, offer promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions. A deeper understanding of pulmonary fibrosis is crucial for improving early detection, optimizing treatment outcomes, and ultimately enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.