Abstract

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults. This research article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the disease, including its causes, risk factors, symptoms, and available treatment options. We discuss the two main types of AMD, namely dry AMD and wet AMD, highlighting their differences in pathophysiology and clinical presentation. The article also explores the role of genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences in the development and progression of AMD. Furthermore, we review current diagnostic methods, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography, which are essential for early detection and monitoring of AMD. Finally, we outline the various treatment modalities for AMD, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, photodynamic therapy, and nutritional supplements, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, optometrists, and primary care physicians in managing this sight-threatening condition.