Abstract

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies globally, with a high mortality rate primarily due to late-stage diagnosis. Early detection significantly improves patient outcomes, highlighting the critical role of timely and accurate diagnostic methods. This abstract provides an overview of lung cancer, emphasizing its epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation. Various diagnostic modalities, including imaging techniques, biomarkers, and advances in molecular diagnostics, are discussed in detail, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the diagnosis of lung cancer, involving pulmonologists, radiologists, pathologists, and oncologists, is emphasized. Additionally, emerging technologies such as liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms show promising potential in enhancing early detection and personalized treatment strategies. Finally, challenges and future directions in lung cancer diagnosis are outlined, emphasizing the need for continued research to improve outcomes for patients with this devastating disease.

Lung cancer is a complex and challenging disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung tissues. It remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with its incidence steadily rising. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of lung cancer, including its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early detection methods such as imaging techniques, biomarker analysis, and screening programs in enhancing prognosis and reducing mortality rates. Furthermore, challenges and future perspectives in lung cancer diagnosis are discussed, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, innovative strategies, and personalized medicine approaches to address this significant public health issue.