Abstract

Immunogenicity, a fundamental concept in immunology, encompasses the ability of substances to induce an immune response in the body. This article provides an overview of immunogenicity, emphasizing its significance in vaccine development, biologics, and therapeutic proteins. Factors influencing immunogenicity, including antigen characteristics, host factors, adjuvants, and dosing regimens, are explored. The complex interplay of these factors shapes the strength and specificity of immune responses. In the context of vaccines, the article delves into the pivotal role of immunogenicity in clinical trials, with a focus on achieving robust and durable protection against targeted pathogens. In biologics and therapies, the impact of anti-drug antibodies on safety and efficacy is discussed, alongside strategies to mitigate immunogenicity risks. The article concludes by highlighting ongoing challenges in understanding individual immune responses and envisioning future directions, such as personalized medicine approaches and innovative vaccine platforms, to optimize immunogenicity.