Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy characterized by glucose intolerance that typically develops during the second or third trimester. This condition poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, including increased likelihood of cesarean delivery, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and long-term metabolic complications for both mother and child. The management of GDM involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, and sometimes pharmacological interventions to maintain blood glucose levels within target ranges. Regular monitoring through glucose testing is essential to mitigate risks and ensure optimal outcomes. This abstract explores the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and recommended lifestyle changes for managing gestational diabetes, emphasizing the importance of early detection and comprehensive management strategies in prenatal care.