Abstract

Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on the surfaces of teeth, characterized by the accumulation of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix of polymers. This complex microbial community plays a pivotal role in the development of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. The composition and structure of dental plaque are influenced by various factors, including diet, oral hygiene practices, and host factors. Understanding the dynamics of dental plaque is crucial for preventive and therapeutic strategies in oral healthcare. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the formation, composition, and significance of dental plaque, highlighting its role in oral health and disease. The review also discusses current research trends and innovative approaches for managing and controlling dental plaque to promote optimal oral hygiene. Dental plaque is a complex and dynamic biofilm that forms on tooth surfaces, composed of a diverse microbial community embedded in an extracellular matrix. This biofilm plays a pivotal role in the development of various oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontal diseases. Understanding the intricate interplay between bacteria, host factors, and environmental conditions within dental plaque is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review explores the composition, formation, and pathogenicity of dental plaque, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of its initiation and progression. Furthermore, we delve into the impact of dental plaque on oral health and systemic well-being, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal oral hygiene practices and the need for ongoing research to unravel the complexities of this microbial ecosystem.