Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant global health concern characterized by progressive and irreversible airflow limitation resulting from chronic inflammation and structural damage to the lungs. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of COPD by exploring its pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. The pathogenesis of COPD involves a complex interplay between environmental exposures, such as tobacco smoke and air pollution, and genetic factors that lead to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and progressive lung damage. Early diagnosis is crucial and relies on spirometry, clinical symptoms, and imaging techniques to confirm airflow obstruction and assess disease severity. Management of COPD includes pharmacological treatments, such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, alongside non-pharmacological interventions like smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation. Advanced therapies, including lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation, are considered for severe cases. Effective management requires a multidimensional approach to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This article underscores the importance of early intervention, ongoing research, and personalized treatment plans to address the multifaceted nature of COPD.