Abstract

Cholera, an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, continues to pose significant public health challenges globally, particularly in regions with inadequate sanitation and water supply infrastructure. The disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea and can lead to severe dehydration and death if untreated. Cholera has been endemic in certain areas for centuries, with periodic outbreaks occurring worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and risk factors associated with cholera is crucial for effective prevention and control efforts. Improved sanitation, access to clean water, vaccination, and prompt treatment of cases are essential components of cholera control strategies. Additionally, early detection and rapid response to outbreaks are critical for limiting the spread of the disease. Despite advances in our understanding of cholera and the availability of effective interventions, challenges such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, population displacement, and climate change continue to hinder efforts to eliminate cholera as a public health threat. Continued investment in research, surveillance, and infrastructure development is essential for achieving sustainable control and eventual elimination of cholera worldwide.

Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, has been a persistent public health challenge, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. This infectious disease can lead to rapid dehydration and death if left untreated. The history of cholera is marked by devastating pandemics that have swept across continents, claiming millions of lives. Despite significant advancements in understanding its epidemiology, prevention, and treatment, cholera remains a global threat, with outbreaks occurring regularly, especially in vulnerable communities and following natural disasters or humanitarian crises. This paper provides an overview of cholera, including its microbiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment strategies. Additionally, it explores the socio-economic factors that contribute to cholera outbreaks and discusses the challenges and opportunities in combating this disease in the 21st century.