Abstract

Cancer recurrence remains a significant clinical challenge, posing complex problems for patients and healthcare systems alike. Recurrence occurs when cancer reappears after treatment and can be localized, regional, or metastatic. This article explores the underlying mechanisms of recurrence, including cancer stem cells, treatment resistance, and dormant cell reactivation. It discusses the challenges in early detection and the role of molecular and genetic biomarkers in predicting recurrence risk. Advances in therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy and precision medicine, are evaluated for their potential to prevent recurrence. The article also highlights the importance of survivorship care plans and lifestyle interventions. By integrating current research and clinical practice, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cancer recurrence and future directions to mitigate its impact.