Abstract

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) represent a significant global health challenge, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems. This comprehensive guide explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of LRIs, including common pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and fungi. It delves into the diagnostic approaches, emphasizing the importance of early detection and accurate identification of causative agents to guide appropriate treatment. The guide also highlights preventive strategies, such as vaccination, improved sanitation, and public health initiatives aimed at reducing risk factors. Additionally, it discusses the role of antimicrobial stewardship in preventing resistance and ensuring the efficacy of treatment options. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this guide seeks to provide healthcare professionals and policymakers with the knowledge and tools needed to effectively manage and prevent LRIs, ultimately reducing the burden of these infections on global health.