Abstract

Infectious diseases in animals pose significant threats to both animal and human health, as well as to global food security and economies. This comprehensive review article aims to provide insights into the various aspects of infectious diseases in animals, including their epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control strategies. The review discusses major infectious diseases affecting different animal species, such as domestic livestock, companion animals, wildlife, and aquatic organisms. Additionally, it explores the role of zoonotic diseases in the transmission of pathogens between animals and humans, emphasizing the importance of the One Health approach in addressing these complex health challenges. Furthermore, the article highlights emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and climate change as key factors influencing the dynamics of infectious diseases in animals. Overall, this review underscores the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration, surveillance systems, vaccination programs, biosecurity measures, and antimicrobial stewardship to effectively combat infectious diseases in animals and safeguard public health.